I Came from a Book

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Literature Therapy in a Nutshell

Don’t know what literature therapy is? Here is a super short and super fast intro to literature therapy. Here is literature therapy in a nutshell.

What It Is

Literature therapy (or bibliotherapy) is the use of literature as a therapeutic tool.

How It Works

Reading develops empathy and creates an awareness of others, changing the way we think, feel and act. When we recognize or identify with a character or situation, it leads us to connect with the story and gain insight. Insight which leads to change.

The Benefits

Reading can physically relax you, distract your thoughts, improve your mood and increase your intelligence and memory. Even more, reading helps you develop empathy, compassion, perspective and honest perceptions of yourself and others.

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Our Mission

At I Came from a Book we work to achieve our mission: Attacking Anxiety through the Remedy of Reading.

The purpose of I Came from a Book is to give children and youth the resources and techniques to deal with or prevent mental health concerns before they experience them. Our ultimate goal is to prepare the world for the mental illnesses that all people inevitably face to some degree in their life with the hope that we will create a world full of people prepared to face life and succeed.

I Came from a Book is based on the core values of Kindness, Strength, and Connection.

A key belief in I Came from a Book is that to some degree everyone experiences mental illness at some point in their lives. With the research showing that most people are suffering in silence, at I Came from a Book we believe in treating everyone with Kindness at all times. This applies to everyone we come in contact with because just as A. A. Milne stated through the mouth of Winnie the Pooh, “A little consideration, a little thought for others, makes all the difference.”

In accordance with the belief that everyone suffers sometimes, we believe that everyone has the Strength to stand up and face the world whether through the help of professionals, friends, family, or themselves. We promote personal strength with the firm belief that it’s okay to fall down sometimes as long as you stand back up. We remember this through the wise words of J.K Rowling through Albus Dumbledore, “suffering like this proves you are still a [person]! This pain is part of being human…the fact that you can feel pain like this is your greatest strength.”

The most foundational principle of I Came from a Book is Connection. Connection is the epitome of what we are trying to achieve. Connection to ideas, to feelings and emotions, to characters, to experiences, and to those around us. It is connection to others that brings about the greatest healing and connection to each other that brings about the greatest success. We progress together. Through true connection the human soul is sustained as C.S. Lewis described, “Friendship…is born at the moment when one man says to another ‘What! You too? I thought no on but myself…’”

See Yourself

You are a unique and beautiful individual, but you are not alone. There are others who have felt, seen, heard, and experienced things similar to you. No one needs to walk alone.

In literature therapy there’s a lot of talk about the benefits of seeing the lives of others. While this is important, there’s also someone else you should see–yourself.

It’s important to know that we are not alone in our thoughts and experiences. What we feel is valid and has probably been experienced by someone else. Think about it. There’s over 7 billion people on this planet. You are a unique and beautiful individual, but you are not alone. There are others who have felt, seen, heard, and experienced things similar to you. No one needs to walk alone.

With this mind, in honour of Pride Month, we’ve rounded up some of our favourite LGBTQIA2S+ literature with the hope that everyone can see themselves between the pages of a book.

Still looking for yourself? Don’t worry, this is not an exhaustive list and unfortunately it is limited. If you know of a book that fills some of the gaps we may be missing, please tell us in the comments. We’d love to see more.

Please Note: There may be some very minor spoilers in these descriptions (nothing to spoil the plot, but some facts that you may not otherwise know going into a story). Read at you own risk.

Clap When You Land by Elizabeth Acevedo

Camino and Yahaira are sisters who have never met. When their father’s plane goes down, both girls must deal with the loss of their father while discovering at the same time that they have a sister. Told through the alternating perspectives of Camino in the Dominican Republic and Yahaira in the United States, both girls recover from their loss with the support of the women in their lives including Camino’s aunt and Yahaira’s girlfriend and mother.

Vanilla by Billy Merrell

Vanilla and Hunter have been together for as long as anyone can remember. They came out together, they’ve been dating since middle school, and now they are going to stay together forever, right? Vanilla, written in verse, depicts the complicated growth of Vanilla and Hunter and how, as they continue to learn about themselves, they are pulled further apart from each other. An insightful story, Vanilla includes characters who identify as gay, non-binary and asexual.

High School by Tegan and Sara

I know this one is a little out of place among all this Young Adult Fiction, but I couldn’t not include this memoir by Canadian music icons Tegan and Sara. A beautiful account of their high school years, Sara and Tegan honestly depict the feelings and people that led them along their journey of self-discovery.

I Wish You All The Best by Mason Deaver

When Ben comes out to their parents as non-binary, they are kicked out of the house. With nowhere else to go, they reconnect with their estranged sister and her husband. As Ben works through the trauma of their experiences, they meet Nathan–a bright, happy, ray of sunshine who is eager to befriend them. I Wish You All The Best feels like sipping warm tea under a cozy blanket on a rainy day. That is to say, it feels healing. Regardless of your own experiences, this book will draw you in and make you feel welcomed.

Ramona Blue by Julie Murphy

Ramona believes she know who she is, and part of that is knowing she’s a lesbian. But when her childhood friend returns to town, Ramona starts to have feelings for him that make her question the box she has placed herself in. A beautiful depiction of honestly following your own feelings and being open to self-discovery.

Honestly Ben by Bill Konigsberg

Ben fell in love with his best friend, but Ben isn’t gay. No, he’s just Ben. Now Ben must manage his new feelings for the new girl he starts dating and the lingering feelings he still has for his former best friend, Rafe. Honestly Ben is a sequel to Openly Straight which tells the story of how Ben first met Rafe who, despite being openly gay at his previous school, decides to step back into the closet when he transfers to an all-boys boarding school.

The Lady’s Guide to Petticoats and Piracy by Mackenzie Lee

Felicity Montague is going to become a doctor. If only the men of the 18th century would realize and allow her to study medicine. Felicity’s unrelenting determination to follow her dream takes her on wild journey with her childhood friend, Johanna, and new acquaintance, Sim. Through their adventures they learn about love, friendship and the many definitions of what it means to be a strong woman. The Lady’s Guide to Petticoats and Piracy is the second in a series that includes The Gentleman’s Guide to Vice and Virtue, The Gentleman’s Guide to Getting Lucky: A Monty and Percy Novella, and The Nobleman’s Guide to Scandal and Shipwrecks coming August 2020.

Stay Gold by Tobly McSmith

Pony is a transgender boy starting at a new high school who falls in love with the popular cheerleader. Despite pressure from friends, Pony isn’t sure if he’s ready to be out at his new school and decides to take advantage of the fresh start. Georgia is on a journey of her own and as the two come together they help others and each other learn about acceptance and being your true self.

Heartstopper by Alice Oseman

Anxious and outed Charlie falls in love with rugby player Nick whom he assumes to be straight. But when Nick starts to have feelings of his own for Charlie, he follows his heart and discovers that he is bisexual. Heartstopper is a must read for anyone who wants to feel happy and vicariously experience one of the most awkward, adorable, and innocent love stories of all time. The first three volumes of this graphic novel are available in print now–and so is the Heartstopper Colouring Book! What could be happier than a colouring book?

Ziggy, Stardust & Me by James Brandon

Sixteen-year-old Jonathon is waiting to be cured–cured of homosexuality. The year is 1973 and Jonathon is receiving shock therapy to counter his feelings of attraction towards other boys. Feeling completely alone, Jonathon meets Web. Web, who identifies as Two-Spirit, helps Jonathon come to terms with his feelings and find beauty in what others have called an illness.

This Is Kind of an Epic Love Story by Kacen Callender

Nate does not believe in love stories after witnessing his mother fall apart after the death of his father. His ex-girlfriend/best friend, however, has hopes that he will find someone new. That someone new might just be his childhood best friend, Oliver James, who has recently moved back into town. Nate and Oliver James have not been in touch since an awkward parting when they were young. Nate must overcome himself and allow the feelings he has always had for Oliver James to shine through.

The Importance of Reading Beyond Our Own Experiences

As we experience the lives of others, we understand them better, and we are better equipped to live in this diverse world and interact with its many beautiful people.

I admittedly live in a community that can be lacking in diversity. It’s one thing that small towns are regrettably lacking. But just because I have to go looking a little further doesn’t mean there isn’t a wealth of diverse experience within my reach.

Reading a novel transports you into someone else’ head–like it literally places you in another individual’s perspective. Whether that person is real or fictitious, all thoughts and ideas germinate from real people with real feelings and real lives.

I know my experiences will never be the same as another’s, but I believe that at a deeper level we all have a desire to understand one another and reach out.

This is the basis for Literature Therapy. The idea that reading develops empathy. Empathy for ourselves and others. As we experience the lives of others, we understand them better, and we are better equipped to live in this diverse world and interact with its many beautiful people.

Below are three of the beautiful books I read this week that gave me the experience to widen my perspective.

The Poet X by Elizabeth Acevedo

Every now and then, I dress my thoughts in the clothing of a poem. Try to figure out if my world changes once I set down these words.
Elizabeth Acevedo in The Poet X

Xiomara’s Catholic mother, an immigrant from the Dominican Republic, has a plan for who her daughter is. X doesn’t know if she can still be devout to her mother’s beliefs. More than anything, what I saw in this book was a story of a girl searching for God. A girl absorbing a tradition that did not make sense to her and learning that it’s okay to question and find truth for yourself.

Slay by Brittany Morris

Racism crops up in so many places, I should be used to it by now. But I shouldn’t have to be.
-Brittany Morris in Slay

Slay is the virtual reality gaming experience that seventeen-year-old Kiera Johnson has created. Slay is her safe haven. A space where she doesn’t have to exist as a minority. A place where she doesn’t have to constantly struggle with the complexities of being Black in White America. That is, until tragedy strikes from within Slay.

A Long Way Down by Jason Reynolds

I'VE NEVER BEEN

in an        earthquake.
Don't        know if this was
even        close to how they
are,        but the ground
defi        nitely felt like
it o        pened up
and        ate me.

-Jason Reynolds in A Long Way Down

Will’s older brother, Shawn is dead. He was shot. All Will knows how to do is follow the rules. “Rule no. 3 Revenge / Do. / No matter what.” Once he decides to follow rule no. 3, Will steps onto an elevator where the past unfolds between each floor on the way down.

Learning from Others

In our own lives we are limited to our own experiences and the experiences of those closest to us. As wide as those may be, there’s still so much more of the world around us, so many people we haven’t met, and such a range of emotions that we have yet to experience.

What’s the most classic story—the oldest story in the world?

The fight of good over evil. The hero’s journey. The defeat of a villain.

But what happens when you don’t know who the bad guy is?

Strange the Dreamer by Laini Taylor invites us into a story with precisely this predicament. With multiple narrators, Taylor invites us into the minds of two unlikely heroes, both of whom are taught to see the other as their greatest threat.

These varying perspectives present a fascinating story, a strong moral debate, and no shortage of adventure—but does it have something more to offer?

In the field of bibliotherapy (the process of providing therapeutic help through reading), one of the valued outcomes is a shift in perspective.

As we’ve all experienced, stories take us places. They show us the world we’ve yet to see, and far off worlds that we will never see. They demonstrate the possible and the impossible. Perhaps that is what we love best about reading—the ability it gives us to go on grand adventures without ever leaving our bedroom.

But that’s not all it can do.

Reading also places us in circumstances and makes us feel emotions that we may never have experienced before. Reading gives us varying perspectives.

Keith Oatley described this process in his discussion on fiction.

“People who read it improve their understanding of others. This effect is especially marked with literary fiction, which also enables people to change themselves. These effects are due partly to the process of engagement in stories, which includes making inferences and becoming emotionally involved, and partly to the contents of fiction, which include complex characters and circumstances that we might not encounter in daily life.”
Keith Oatley

This effect of varying our perspectives is more prominent in reading than in other activities, because the act of reading by itself requires more brain activity. It forces us to engage and interact in a way that television does not.

When we are used to oversimplified stories of good vs. evil, sometimes we try to overlay that onto reality. But the truth is, in reality there isn’t usually a good guy and a bad guy. People are more complicated than that. Sometimes two sides with different opinions are just that—two sides with different opinions. There isn’t always someone who is in the wrong. And there isn’t always someone who is in the right.

Strange the Dreamer challenges our ideas about who is the hero and who is the villain, by offering us the varying perspective of both sides.

Falling Line by Line

On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous isn’t so much a narrative as it is a downward spiral of thoughts with no control to do otherwise. In Ocean Vuong’s debut novel the main character, affectionately known as Little Dog, grapples with his difficult relationship with his illiterate mother by writing her a series of letters.

Have you ever fallen down a hole? Not literally, but mentally.

I have—and unlike falling down a literal hole—there is no narrative to attach to it. There isn’t a series of events that led to the fall, or a way to accurately describe the fall itself. It’s not as if one moment you are standing on the top of the cliff and the next you’re free falling to an uncertain fate. At least for me it wasn’t.

It happened much slower. So slow that I didn’t realize I had fallen until I woke up at the bottom with a rare moment of clarity about where I was. At the time I was laying on a tatami mat in a small apartment on the outskirts of Tokyo, Japan; literally waking up and looking back at feelings of self-harm with an alarmed sense of reality. I had fallen and hadn’t even realized it.

In retrospect, the fall is obvious. It’s looking back and seeing a million little falls. It’s the sensation that everything in your life is hurtling towards a singular point while life flails about in every direction around you. It’s the feeling of lying awake at night because your thoughts are spiralling and descending further into the abyss with every rotation.

On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous isn’t so much a narrative as it is a downward spiral of thoughts with no control to do otherwise.

In Ocean Vuong’s debut novel the main character, affectionately known as Little Dog, grapples with his difficult relationship with his illiterate mother by writing her a series of letters. Having immigrated to the United States from Vietnam as a child, he talks through the effects growing up amongst war had on his mother and how those translated to his first relationship with a boy.

It’s a spiral of negative, hurtful thoughts and memories twisted into something ugly and then un-wrung before us to display the beauty. It’s line after line of blurred pain with joltingly clear moments of revelation.

Sometimes it’s not the content of a book that relates to you. Healing doesn’t always come through seeing a character experience your experience. But feelings are universal. Sensations can induce healing as quickly as they do nostalgia. Books and stories can be a place to feel your feelings in the safe context of another being’s thoughts.

The first time I read this novel I experienced the falling. Flying through it with a whirling sensation and uncertain feeling of oncoming panic, but I think it deserves something more. I think it deserves pouring oneself over each line. Taking a slow and methodical approach to dig into every emotion in every line.

And I think I’ll start with this one:

“I want to insist that our being alive is beautiful enough to be worthy of replication.” –Ocean Vuong

Books Bigger than the Bookshelf

Feelings are big—sometimes even enormous—taking up the entire room and consuming our lives. Feelings can have us running on air for days or weighing us down for weeks. They can be heavy and the load is real.

From my experience, how do you tackle big feelings? Well, with big books, of course. I’m not talking about physical size, or length, or word count. I’m talking about books that hit back at our big feelings with big ideas of their own.

Any booklover will tell you that books have feelings of their own—so whether you need a book to lift your spirits or cry on your shoulder—we’ve compiled a list of books with big feelings and big ideas. Here are our choices for books that are bigger than the bookshelf.

Content Warning: Like many big feelings, these books contain mature content and deal with big issues. Be sure to check for content before you read to know if these books are right for you.

For Young Adult Readers

We Are Okay by Nina LaCour and Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher

I place both these books in the same category because both of these books consumed me. I was completely sucked into their universe, and not just my head, my whole body with all the feelings that come with. Both of these books come with their own set of very heavy and very real emotions, including but not limited to loss, depression, suicide and assault. However, I had a very different experience when reading both of these books.

I have very fond feelings towards We Are Okay. Dealing with loss and feelings of depression, it takes you on a ride down a rather dark tunnel. However—and this is the reason I love this book—it brings you back full circle. It has the potential to be that story that lets you feel all the feelings you didn’t know you needed to feel. We Are Okay takes you down with Marin as she spirals, but then brings you right back up. It gives you the kind of closure that your heart craves. While reading, We Are Okay became this safe space to feel all the big feelings and experience the kind of resolution that we all secretly dream of and wish for from all books.

Thirteen Reasons Why also hits you over the head with its big feelings. But that’s just it, it hits you and it hits you hard. There’s nothing gentle about it and it has no intentions of being so. This book is about suicide and it’s a painful topic with a painful story. You know right from the start that once Hannah finishes telling her story that she is going to commit suicide. It’s an important subject to talk about, but consider your feelings before reading and make sure you can take the hit beforehand.

For More Mature Readers

The Cure for Death by Lightening by Gail Anderson-Dargatz

This book is huge. In fact, it’s what inspired this article. Days after reading this book, I still couldn’t wrap my head around what just happened. When I started reading this story, I had no context or knowledge of what I was walking into. I found myself wrapped up in the world of fifteen-year-old Beth, living in a small, Canadian town during World War II. Far from the war, she feels its effects in the absence of the young people enlisting and rationing of food. However, she is far more caught up in the Indian legends that she hears from the reserve, warning of Coyote, the demon-like creature that possesses men at their weakest and controls their actions.

Beth’s feelings are not all-consuming, but pushed down on the pages as much as they are pushed down within herself as she deals with death, assault, abuse, mystery and legend. This is not a book that is comfortable or cathartic to read. It is, however, a book that is big.

Characters Who Experience Mental Illness

It’s hard to completely understand mental illness without experiencing it first hand. The joy of reading is that we have the ability to put ourselves into someone else’s head in a way that we never could otherwise.

When books highlight characters experiencing mental illness it helps us to understand and relate to mental illness in a new way. Here are three young adult books highlighting a character experiencing mental illness.

Aza Holmes from Turtles All the Way Down

In this book by John Green, Aza struggles with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder as she goes on an adventure to help her friend investigate the disappearance of his father.

The story focuses around Aza’s experience with OCD. She is unable to stop her thoughts from spiralling around the thoughts of how many germs are in her body and the possible risks.

The International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Foundation describes Aza’s struggle in their description of OCD. OCD involves a person experiencing obsessions—intrusive thoughts that trigger distressing feelings—and compulsions—the actions and behaviors engaged in to decrease the obsession.

T. Lillian Decker from When Elephants Fly

Written by Nancy Richardson Fischer, Lillian’s struggle with mental health stems from knowing that because of her family history she is at an increased risk to develop schizophrenia. Knowing that 18 to 30 is the most common age to develop schizophrenia, as Lillian approaches her 18^th birthday she plans out the next twelve years of her life in order to avoid all stress and he possibility of developing schizophrenia.

While caught between the struggle to prevent her on-coming illness and her desire to live a full life, Lillian finds herself fighting for a baby elephant in a struggle that mirrors the fight for her own life.

Schizophrenia affects the way a person understands the world and their perception of reality, according to the Canadian Mental Health Association. It includes symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal and disturbed thinking. In When Elephants Fly Lillian learns to come to terms with her encroaching illness and the symptoms which follow.

Craig Gilner from It’s Kind of a Funny Story

Based partly off the real life of author Ned Vizzini, the character of Craig suffers from depression. After experiencing suicidal thoughts Craig checks himself into a hospital for psychiatric care. During his time in the hospital Craig finds a new perspective on his priorities to improve his mental health.

One of the strengths of It’s Kind of a Funny Story is the very real emotions expressed by Craig. Ned Vizzini focuses not only on the emotional trials of depression but also describes the very real and very intense physical side effects of depression.

The physical side effects of depression are real and debilitating. According to the Mayo Clinic, side effects of depression include either insomnia or sleeping too much, lack of energy, reduced appetite and unexplained aches and pains. Craig’s journey demonstrates all aspects of depression and the on-going struggle that occurs throughout treatment.

Books that Make the World Brighter Just by Existing

Some days for no reason at all the world just seems brighter. The sun feels like it’s shining. The snow feels like it’s melting and after a long winter you feel a newfound freedom to explore the world.

This is how spring makes me feel. It’s that light, happy feeling you feel when life is good for no reason other than the fact that life is good.

In honor of spring, here are three books for all ages that will help you experience that springtime feeling even if you’re still living in the midst of winter.

Now by Antoinette Portis

This picture book for children (and adults) emphasizes finding joy in what we have right now. A young girl shows us how to live in the moment by walking us through her favourite things and ultimately prompting us to remember that this moment can be our favourite because it’s the one were living right now.

Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery

My top choice for happy books always has to be Anne of Green Gables. This book for children and young adults (and everyone else in the world) is set in the 1800’s in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. This classic tells the story of the little orphan girl with red hair who is adopted by the Cuthbert and brought to live at Green Gables.

Despite having a previously difficult life, Anne finds beauty in everything and everyone around her. She is not afraid to feel the height of all emotions—good and bad—and although she has a fervent wish of who she could be she lives each moment one hundred percent her authentic self.

Anne makes me want to be curious about the world and find wonder in the everyday things that I take for granted.

In Other Lands by Sarah Rees Brennan

This book for young adults may be a slightly different choice than the previous two. However, this book is so funny and clever that it can’t help but bring you joy. In a world where children from our world and the magical world are brought to a school to be trained to protect the border between worlds, Elliott is plucked out of his normal life and placed in a life of adventure.

Taking every stereotype we have come to accept about peace, diplomacy, gender roles and society as a whole—this story flips every expectation you have on its head in a comical and thought-provoking way. I literally could not read this book without laughing out loud.

Books That Show Us We Don’t Need Permission to Live

Sometimes life gets stuck on repeat or starts to spiral down faster than we can recover from. When stuck in that spiral, the first step is just to remember that we have the ability to change our habits. We have control over our lives and it is a powerful thing.

The hardest part is when we can’t feel that power for ourselves. Feelings are slippery and it’s hard to remember a feeling that you aren’t currently feeling.

If you need to feel that power again, here are three young adult books that will allow you to experience what it feels like to grab your life and steer it in your own direction.

The Serpent King by Jeff Zenther

The Serpent King tells the story of three friends living in the rural south. Dill’s father, previous to being arrested, was a local religious leader who formed a cult-like following in their small town. He and his best friend Travis both feel trapped in this town with no hope for the future or chance of getting out. Their friend, Lydia, on the other hand, comes from a well-off family and is already planning her future beyond their hometown.

Dealing with depression, loss and feelings of worthlessness we follow Dill on his journey to discover the dignity in his life and the power that personal choice has.

I’ll Give You the Sun by Jandy Nelson

I’ll Give You the Sun jumps viewpoints and time frames between a set of twins at different times in their lives. We see the perspective of 14 year old Noah at a point in his life when everything is colourful and the world is just awakening for him. We then see the perspective from his twin sister Jude two years later after tragedy has altered both of their lives. The difference between the twins at 14 and 16 is night and day—and not for the better.

After seeing both of the characters lose themselves during the mysterious two year gap, it is empowering to follow them on their journey to find their way back to where they began, stronger for it.

They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera

Set in a world where a mysterious organization has developed the technology to accurately predict the exact day of a person’s death, Mateo and Rufus both live in a world where on the day of your death you receive a call at midnight informing you that it is your last day to live.

When timid Rufus and reckless Mateo’s paths cross on their last day to live, this story shows how powerful true connection can be in brining meaning into our lives. Both dealing with their approaching demise they each live an unexpected lifetime in their final day.

Implementing Literature Therapy in the Classroom

Because of the possible preventative benefits of bibliotherapy, schools are one of the ideal places to implement such a program to improve the overall mental health of a country. Schools not only impact the greatest portion of the population and already teaching literature but are also places that are attempting to prepare students for life Teachers are constantly searching for ways to control children who come from diverse backgrounds and behaviors. Heath, Young and Smith explained that through bibliotherapy teachers can use stories to build foundations that influence children’s behavior instead of merely trying to control students. They explain, “Good stories hold the power to change how we think and how we feel. By helping change the way children think and feel, the behavior change is self-initiated from the inside out.” This places schools in the ideal situation to reap the benefits of bibliotherapy.

Debbie McCulliss explained, “Bibliotherapy has been described as a means of allowing children a safe way of confronting dilemmas. Through bibliotherapy, ‘‘children have an opportunity to identify, to compensate, and to relive in a controlled manner a problem that they are aware of’.” [Bibliotherapy is like] prevention of a disease and suggests that, because books help a child develop his or her self-concept, the child will be better adjusted to trying situations in the future.”

Teacher Training

Ideally, in cooperation with the workshops, teachers will receive training about how to implement bibliotherapy in the classroom so that the students can continue to benefit from the practices of bibliotherapy and so that the principles will be continually reinforced to them. Teacher training sessions will vary greatly depending on the group being presented to. Ideally, in addition to attending a teacher training session, teachers will also be present during workshops with the students to observe what the students are being taught and the process they are learning. The teacher training should cover the following topics: how bibliotherapy works in the classroom, the process of bibliotherapy in the classroom and the benefits.

How Literature Therapy Works in the Classroom

Heath, Smith and Young explained that, “The basis for bibliotherapy is grounded in principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): what we think and how we feel impacts our behavior. Hence, rather than expecting teachers to focus on merely controlling students’ behavior, we propose using stories to build a strong foundation…that will positively influence children’s behavior. Good stories hold the power to change how we think and how we feel. By helping change the way children think and feel, the behavior change is self-initiated from the inside out.”[1] This is the basis for how bibliotherapy works in the classroom. It is designed to change the way students think and ultimately affect behavior.

McCulliss and Chamberlain explained the outcomes that teachers should look for in bibliotherapy in the classroom:

Showing an individual that he or she is not the first or only person to encounter such a problem
Showing an individual that there is more than one solution to a problem
Helping a person discuss a problem more freely
Helping an individual plan a constructive course of action to solve a problem
Developing an individual’s self-concept
Relieving emotional or mental pressure
Fostering an individual’s honest self-appraisal
Providing a way for a person to find interests outside of self
Increasing the individual’s understanding of human behavior or motivations

The Process of Bibliotherapy in the Classroom

The process of bibliotherapy as described previously by McCulliss and Chamberlain can also be applied in the classroom:

identification of the reader’s issue(s)
pre-reading; selection of book(s) to match the reader’s needs
presentation that includes guided reading based on a carefully planned approach
follow-up on what the reader learned or gained from reading the book(s)

McCulliss and Chamberlain continued to describe the process with which bibliotherapy can be implemented specifically in a classroom setting, following the steps in the process listed above.

When working with a large group, such as a whole class of students, if can be difficult to pick a specific issue for the whole group. Teachers should focus on the most common issues that are likely to affect the age group they are teaching. For example: anxiety, trouble with friends, dealing with failure, etc.

Teachers should refer to and be given the book selection guidelines that are presented in the Literature Therapy Workshops section when selecting books.

The teacher should teach themes and topics from the novel as they would usually do in the curriculum when teaching literature with a special emphasis on themes and situations in the book that the children can apply to their immediate lives. The most beneficial stage of bibliotherapy is in the follow-up stage when the children work through these topics for themselves.

The follow-up process should be completed in groups which has many advantages over an individual approach in the classroom including:

It is less time consuming
Allows students to share common experience with less anxiety
Students experience a sense of belonging and security
Everyone has the opportunity to develop different perspectives and new understandings

According to Joanne Bernstein (1983): Children, through reading, realize that others share their plight …their feelings are within the range of normality. When children feel less isolated, they lose some of their embarrassment about their situation.

The follow-up stage should include an age appropriate interactive or thought-provoking activity such as:

Commenting on illustrations or main characters
Creative writing (writing a solution to a problem situation, writing an opinion about a certain viewpoint, or writing a letter to a character)
Art projects (sketching, painting, drawing, or creating a collage from pictures from a magazine to create a pictorial essay)
Drama (role-playing, puppetry, or pantomiming)
Journal writing (compare decisions the characters made with what they would do)

McCulliss and Chamberlain emphasized that “activities are based on the age level of the child and what the child needs to take from the story. No matter what activity the teacher chooses, the child needs to be able to identify their problem with the story and express the identification through the activity.”

Benefits of Literature Therapy in the Classroom

McCulliss emphasized some of the main benefits and intended outcomes of bibliotherapy in the classroom:

Enhanced self-concept
1. Increased self-expression
1. Relief from emotional stress
1. Increased understanding of personal or generic human behavior or motivation
1. More honest self-appraisal
1. Discovery of others with similar problems or situations (sense of belonging)
1. Realization of the variety of potential solutions
1. Plan for finding a workable solution to identified problems

The main goal of implementing bibliotherapy in the classroom was expressed by the children’s author Bruce Colville:

“The right story at the right moment is an arrow to the heart. It can find and catch what is hiding inside the reader (or the listener), the secret hurt or anger or need that lies waiting, aching to be brought to the surface.”

References

Melissa Allen Heath, Kathryn Smith, Ellie L. Young. “Using Children’s Literature to Strengthen Social and Emotional Learning.” 2017.

D. McCulliss and D. Chamberlain. “Bibliotherapy for youth and adolescents: School-based application and research.” 2013.